Guía de especies vegetales de la cuenca mediterránea aptas para revegetación: Adecuación para zonas degradadas y contaminadas

La guía contiene información de especies de plantas de la cuenca mediterránea, adecuadas para utilizar en revegetación de zonas degradadas y/o contaminadas con presencia de metales pesados, siguiendo diferentes criterios medioambientales y paisajísticos y estableciendo recomendaciones o restricciones para su implantación y crecimiento, sin necesidad de recurrir a la utilización de especies exóticas con potencial invasor. Para cada especie se proporciona información abreviada de las principales características que las hacen aptas para su uso en los diferentes entornos. Finalmente se establecen cinco modelos de asociaciones paisajísticas para usar en diferentes zonas y con diferentes condiciones medioambientales

Alterações musculares ultrassonográficas em pacientes críticos com COVID-19

Background: Patients with severe forms of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) present a systemic inflammatory response and hypermetabolism. The objective of this study was to identify the change in rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscle mass in patients with severe COVID-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, and to establish the correlation between the change in muscle size and the amount of calories and proteins administered.  Materials & methods: This prospective observational longitudinal study was conducted in the adult intensive care unit in a tertiary care clinic. Muscle mass was measured with ultrasound from admission, at seven-day intervals, until discharge from the unit. Anthropometric and biochemical data as well as the amount of calories and proteins administered were taken into account.  Results: A total of 39 patients were included (59.6 ± 11.3 years; 79.5% men) with a median BMI of 27.7 kg/m2 (IQR 24.2–29.7). The size of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles had diminished significantly at seven days of hospitalization: right middle third 0.38 cm (IQR 0.16-0.47), left middle third 0. 29 cm (IQR 0.08-0.54) and right middle third 0.37 cm (IQR 0.11-0.71) left middle third 0.25 cm (IQR 0.09-0.52), respectively. The changes in both muscles were directly correlated with caloric and protein intake during nutritional support.  Conclusions: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 were found to lose muscle mass progressively as a result of lower coverage of caloric and protein requirements. Introducción: los pacientes con formas graves de COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) presentan una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica e hipermetabolismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el cambio en la masa muscular del recto femoral y el vasto interno en pacientes con COVID-19 grave que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva, y establecer la correlación entre el cambio en el tamaño muscular y la cantidad de calorías y proteínas administradas.  Materiales y métodos: este estudio longitudinal observacional prospectivo se realizó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) para adultos en una clínica de atención terciaria. La masa muscular se midió al ingreso con ecografía, con intervalos de siete días, hasta el alta de la unidad. Se tuvieron en cuenta los datos antropométricos y bioquímicos y la cantidad de calorías y proteínas administradas.  Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 39 pacientes (59,6 ± 11,3 años; 79,5 % hombres) con una mediana de índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 27,7 kg/m2 (rango intercuartílico [IQR] 24,2-29,7). El tamaño del recto femoral y del vasto interno había disminuido significativamente a los siete días de hospitalización: tercio medio derecho 0,38 cm (IQR 0,16-0,47), tercio medio izquierdo 0,29 cm (IQR 0,08-0,54) y tercio medio derecho 0,37 cm (IQR 0,11-0,71) tercio medio izquierdo 0,25 cm (IQR 0,09-0,52), respectivamente. Los cambios en ambos músculos se correlacionaron directamente con la ingesta calórica y proteica durante el apoyo nutricional.  Conclusiones: se observa que los pacientes críticos con COVID-19 perdieron progresivamente la masa muscular al recibir una menor cobertura de requerimientos calóricos y proteicos.Introdução: Pacientes com formas graves de COVID-19 (doença por coronavírus 2019) apresentam resposta inflamatória sistêmica e hipermetabolismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a alteração na massa muscular do reto femoral e vasto medial em pacientes com COVID-19 grave que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva e estabelecer a correlação entre a alteração no tamanho do músculo e a quantidade de calorias e proteínas administrado.  Materiais e métodos: Este estudo prospectivo observacional longitudinal foi realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos de um hospital de atenção terciária. A massa muscular foi medida com ultrassonografia desde a admissão, em intervalos de 7 dias, até a alta da unidade. Foram levados em consideração os dados antropométricos e bioquímicos e a quantidade de calorias e proteínas administradas.  Resultados: Foram incluídos 39 pacientes (59,6 ± 11,3 anos; 79,5% homens) com mediana de IMC de 27,7 kg/m2 (IQR 24,2-29,7). O tamanho do reto femoral e do vasto medial tinha diminuído significativamente aos sete dias de hospitalização: terço médio direito 0,38 cm (IQR 0,16-0,47), terço médio esquerdo 0,29 cm (IQR 0,08-0,54) e terço médio direito 0,37 cm (IQR 0,11-0,71) e terço médio esquerdo 0,25 cm (IQR 0,09-0,52), respectivamente. As alterações em ambos os músculos foram diretamente correlacionadas com a ingestão calórica e protéica durante o suporte nutricional.  Conclusões: Observa-se que pacientes críticos com COVID-19 perderam massa muscular progressivamente ao receber menor cobertura das necessidades calóricas e proteicas.

Muscle ultrasonographic changes in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Abstract Background: Patients with severe forms of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) present a systemic inflammatory response and hyper metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify the change in muscle mass of the rectus femoris and vastus internal in patients with severe COVID-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation and to establish the correlation between the change in muscle size and the amount of calories and proteins administered. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational longitudinal study was conducted in the adult intensive care unit in a tertiary care clinic. Muscle mass was measured with ultrasound from admission, with intervals of seven days, until discharge from the unit. Anthropometric and biochemical data and the amount of calories and proteins administered were taken into account. Results: A total of 39 patients were included (59.6 ± 11.3 years; 79.5% men) with a median BMI of 27.7 kg/m2 (IQR 24.2–29.7). The size of the rectus femoris and vastus internal had diminished significantly at seven days of hospitalization: right middle third 0.38 cm (IQR 0.16-0.47), left middle third 0. 29 cm (IQR 0.08-0.54) and right middle third 0.37 cm (IQR 0.11-0.71) left middle third 0.25 cm (IQR 0.09-0.52), respectively. The changes in both muscles were directly correlated with caloric and protein intake during nutritional support. Conclusions: It is observed that critically ill patients with COVID-19 progressively lost muscle mass by receiving less coverage of caloric and protein requirements

Nanosensor for Sensitive Detection of the New Psychedelic Drug 25I-NBOMe

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: E. Garrido, M. Alfonso, B. Díaz de Greñu, B. Lozano-Torres, M. Parra, P. Gaviña, M. D. Marcos, R. Martínez-Máñez, F. Sancenón, Chem. Eur. J. 2020, 26, 2813, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201905688. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and sensing behavior of a hybrid nanodevice for the detection of the potent abuse drug 25I-NBOMe. The system is based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, loaded with a fluorescent dye, functionalized with a serotonin derivative and capped with the 5-HT2A receptor antibody. In the presence of 25I-NBOMe the capping antibody is displaced, leading to pore opening and rhodamine B release. This delivery was ascribed to 5-HT2A receptor antibody detachment from the surface due to its stronger coordination with 25I-NBOMe present in the solution. The prepared nanodevice allowed the sensitive (limit of detection of 0.6 mm) and selective recognition of the 25I-NBOMe drug (cocaine, heroin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, MDMA, and morphine were unable to induce pore opening and rhodamine B release). This nanodevice acts as a highly sensitive and selective fluorometric probe for the 25I-NBOMe illicit drug in artificial saliva and in sweets.The authors thank the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE) and CTQ2017-87954-P) and the Generalitat Valencia (PROMETEO/2018/024) for support. E.G. is grateful to the Spanish MEC for her FPU grant. The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support.Garrido-García, EM.; Alfonso-Navarro, M.; Díaz De Greñu-Puertas, B.; Lozano-Torres, B.; Parra Álvarez, M.; Gaviña, P.; Marcos Martínez, MD.... (2020). Nanosensor for Sensitive Detection of the New Psychedelic Drug 25I-NBOMe. Chemistry - A European Journal. 26(13):2813-2816. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201905688S281328162613World drug report. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Inform2018;European drug report: Trends and Developments. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addition (EMCDDA). Inform2018.Zuba, D., Sekuła, K., & Buczek, A. (2013). 25C-NBOMe – New potent hallucinogenic substance identified on the drug market. Forensic Science International, 227(1-3), 7-14. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.027Poklis, J. L., Raso, S. A., Alford, K. N., Poklis, A., & Peace, M. R. (2015). Analysis of 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and Other Dimethoxyphenyl-N-[(2-Methoxyphenyl) Methyl]Ethanamine Derivatives on Blotter Paper. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 39(8), 617-623. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv073Agenda item 4.19.Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Thirty-sixth Meeting. Geneva 16–20 June2014(World Health Organization).Batisse, A., Taright, N., Chevallier, C., Marillier, M., & Djezzar, S. (2016). «Dual disorder with drugs»: Comparison of two French databases. European Psychiatry, 33(S1), S72-S72. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.005Rickli, A., Luethi, D., Reinisch, J., Buchy, D., Hoener, M. C., & Liechti, M. E. (2015). Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs). Neuropharmacology, 99, 546-553. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034Lawn, W., Barratt, M., Williams, M., Horne, A., & Winstock, A. (2014). The NBOMe hallucinogenic drug series: Patterns of use, characteristics of users and self-reported effects in a large international sample. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 28(8), 780-788. doi:10.1177/0269881114523866Kueppers, V. B., & Cooke, C. T. (2015). 25I-NBOMe related death in Australia: A case report. Forensic Science International, 249, e15-e18. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.010Laskowski, L. K., Elbakoush, F., Calvo, J., Exantus-Bernard, G., Fong, J., Poklis, J. L., … Nelson, L. S. (2014). Evolution of the NBOMes: 25C- and 25B- Sold as 25I-NBOMe. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 11(2), 237-241. doi:10.1007/s13181-014-0445-9Shanks, K. G., Sozio, T., & Behonick, G. S. (2015). Fatal Intoxications with 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in Indiana During 2014. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 39(8), 602-606. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv058Da Cunha, K. F., Eberlin, M. N., & Costa, J. L. (2017). Development and validation of a sensitive LC–MS/MS method to analyze NBOMes in dried blood spots: evaluation of long-term stability. Forensic Toxicology, 36(1), 113-121. doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0391-8Caspar, A. T., Helfer, A. G., Michely, J. A., Auwärter, V., Brandt, S. D., Meyer, M. R., & Maurer, H. H. (2015). Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the new psychoactive designer drug 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOMe) in human and rat urine using GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407(22), 6697-6719. doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8828-6Andrade, A. F. B., Mamo, S. K., & Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. (2017). Rapid Screening Method for New Psychoactive Substances of Forensic Interest: Electrochemistry and Analytical Determination of Phenethylamines Derivatives (NBOMe) via Cyclic and Differential Pulse Voltammetry. Analytical Chemistry, 89(3), 1445-1452. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02426Coelho Neto, J. (2015). Rapid detection of NBOME’s and other NPS on blotter papers by direct ATR-FTIR spectrometry. Forensic Science International, 252, 87-92. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.025Wu, X., Eriksson, C., Wohlfarth, A., Wallgren, J., Kronstrand, R., Josefsson, M., … Konradsson, P. (2017). Synthesis and identification of metabolite biomarkers of 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe. Tetrahedron, 73(45), 6393-6400. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.024Slowing, I. I., Vivero-Escoto, J. L., Trewyn, B. G., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2010). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: structural design and applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(37), 7924. doi:10.1039/c0jm00554aAznar, E., Coll, C., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2009). Borate-Driven Gatelike Scaffolding Using Mesoporous Materials Functionalised with Saccharides. Chemistry - A European Journal, 15(28), 6877-6888. doi:10.1002/chem.200900090Ribes, À., Aznar, E., Santiago-Felipe, S., Xifre-Perez, E., Tormo-Mas, M. Á., Pemán, J., … Martínez-Máñez, R. (2019). Selective and Sensitive Probe Based in Oligonucleotide-Capped Nanoporous Alumina for the Rapid Screening of Infection Produced by Candida albicans. ACS Sensors, 4(5), 1291-1298. doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b00169Coll, C., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2012). Gated Silica Mesoporous Supports for Controlled Release and Signaling Applications. Accounts of Chemical Research, 46(2), 339-349. doi:10.1021/ar3001469Sancenón, F., Pascual, L., Oroval, M., Aznar, E., & Martínez-Máñez, R. (2015). Gated Silica Mesoporous Materials in Sensing Applications. ChemistryOpen, 4(4), 418-437. doi:10.1002/open.201500053Aznar, E., Villalonga, R., Giménez, C., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Amorós, P. (2013). Glucose-triggered release using enzyme-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 49(57), 6391. doi:10.1039/c3cc42210kGiménez, C., de la Torre, C., Gorbe, M., Aznar, E., Sancenón, F., Murguía, J. 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Spontaneous generation of infectious prion disease in transgenic mice

We generated transgenic mice expressing bovine cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) with a leucine substitution at codon 113 (113L). This protein is homologous to human protein with mutation 102L, and its genetic link with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome has been established. This mutation in bovine PrP(C) causes a fully penetrant, lethal, spongiform encephalopathy. This genetic disease was transmitted by intracerebral inoculation of brain homogenate from ill mice expressing mutant bovine PrP to mice expressing wild-type bovine PrP, which indicated de novo generation of infectious prions. Our findings demonstrate that a single amino acid change in the PrP(C) sequence can induce spontaneous generation of an infectious prion disease that differs from all others identified in hosts expressing the same PrP(C) sequence. These observations support the view that a variety of infectious prion strains might spontaneously emerge in hosts displaying random genetic PrP(C) mutations

Plan de auditoría interna al sistema de gestión de calidad e inocuidad de la empresa panadería artesanal don Josué

Una auditoria es un proceso sistemático, que permite mediante la recolección de evidencias, determinar la confiabilidad y calidad de la ejecución de las actividades realizadas, en congruencia a los criterios de auditoria, requisitos, políticas y procedimientos establecidos en la organización, para la toma de decisiones. ISO19011 (2018) describe que la auditoría interna es un mecanismo mediante el cual se realiza la medición referente al cumplimiento de los requisitos de un sistema de inocuidad. (ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas, 2018) Para un ejercicio de auditoria es necesario apoyarse en una serie de criterios de auditoría, de manera separada o combinada incluyendo: los requisitos especificados en las normas del sistemas de gestión, las políticas y los requisitos especificados por las partes interesadas pertinentes, los requisitos legales y reglamentarios, uno o más procesos del sistema de gestión definidos por la organización o por otras partes, los planes de sistemas de gestión relacionados con la provisión de salidas específicas de un sistema de gestión (por ejemplo, el plan de la calidad, el plan de proyecto). (SERVICIO ECUATERIANO DE NORMATIZACIÓN , 2020) Las auditorías internas tienen por objetivo verificar la implantación, operación, mantenimiento y conformidad de los sistemas de gestión de cualquier tipo de organización sin importar su tamaño. Mediante un ejercicio de auditoría interna una organización da respuesta a la mejora continua exigida en la mayoría de las normas del sistema ISO. Las auditorias tanto internas como externas deben contar con un plan, este es un documento que soporta el ejercicio de observación que realizará el equipo de auditores y muestra a una organización las actividades que serán foco de evaluación por el auditor. De esta manera una organización obtiene un diagnostico veraz que permite la definición de planes de acción enfocados a la mejora de los sistemas. Con el propósito de identificar áreas potenciales de mejora del sistema de gestión de la inocuidad de la panadería artesanal don Josué en alineación con el ciclo PHVA (Planear-Hacer-Verificar-Actuar), se realiza una propuesta de planes de auditoria por procesos y con enfoque de riesgos, teniendo en cuentas los hallazgos de una auditoria previa y su respectivo programa de auditoria, se da prioridad a los temas de mayor significancia y que tienen mayor impacto por peligros relacionados con la inocuidad. Como resultado de la aplicación de los planes de auditoria propuestos se podrá cuantificar la madurez del sistema de gestión de la inocuidad.An audit is a systematic process, which allows, through the collection of evidence, to determine the reliability and quality of the execution of the activities carried out, in accordance with the audit criteria, requirements, policies and procedures established in the organization, for the taking of decisions. ISO19011 (2018) describes that internal auditing is a mechanism by which measurement is carried out regarding compliance with the requirements of a food safety system. (ICONTEC - Colombian Institute of Technical Standards, 2018) For an audit exercise it is necessary to rely on a series of audit criteria, separately or in combination, including: the requirements specified in the management system standards, policies and requirements specified by relevant stakeholders, statutory and regulatory requirements, one or more management system processes defined by the organization or other parties, management system plans related to the provision of specific outputs from a management system (e.g. example, the quality plan, the project plan). (SERVICIO ECUATERIANO DE NORMATIZACIÓN, 2020) The objective of internal audits is to verify the implementation, operation, maintenance and conformity of the management systems of any type of organization regardless of its size. Through an internal audit exercise, an organization responds to the continuous improvement required in most of the ISO system standards. Both internal and external audits must have a plan, this is a document that supports the observation exercise that the team of auditors will carry out and shows an organization the activities that will be the focus of evaluation by the auditor. In this way, an organization obtains a truthful diagnosis that allows the definition of action plans focused on improving systems. In order to identify potential areas for improvement of the don Josué artisan bakery safety management system in alignment with the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Verify-Act), a proposal of audit plans is made by processes and with Risk approach, taking into account the findings of a previous audit and its respective audit program, priority is given to the most significant issues that have the greatest impact due to hazards related to safety. As a result of the application of the proposed audit plans, the maturity of the safety management system can be quantified

Innovación empresarial : nueva era de las agroempresas con gestión tecnológica

Este libro aborda la contextualización de las empresas del sector agrícola del occidente del Huila, desde un diagnóstico empresarial, el diseño de estrategias administrativas, contables y de mercadeo, hasta la innovación con desarrollo tecnológico aplicado a este sector.This book addresses the contextualization of companies in the agricultural sector in western Huila, from a business diagnosis, the design of administrative, accounting and marketing strategies, to innovation with technological development applied to this sector.Estrategias empresariales para el sector cafetero -- Innovación empresarial y sistema contable aplicado en la producción agrícola y pecuaria de la granja Juan Bosco -- Revisión bibliográfica para el desarrollo de productos electrónicos cumpliendo con estándares internacionales -- Evaluación de la eficiencia de un biofiltro para el tratamiento de aguas residuales del Café -- Fortalecimiento empresarial cafetero: una mirada hacia el cambio generacional, nuevos desafíos de responsabilidad social y liderazgo organizacional en el occidente del Huila -- Hábitos de consumo, mercado e importancia del café en el municipio de La Plata, Huila.na146 página

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Avances en Informática y Automática. Octavo Workshop

[ES]El Máster Oficial en Sistemas Inteligentes de la Universidad de Salamanca tiene como principal objetivo promover la iniciación de los estudiantes en el ámbito de la investigación. El congreso organizado por el Departamento de Informática y Automática que se celebra dentro del Máster en Sistemas Inteligentes de la Universidad de Salamanca proporciona la oportunidad ideal para que sus estudiantes presenten los principales resultados de sus Trabajos de Fin de Máster y obtengan una realimentación del interés de los mismos. La octava edición del workshop “Avances en Informática y Automática”, correspondiente al curso 2013 - 2014, ha sido un encuentro interdisciplinar donde se han presentado trabajos pertenecientes a un amplio abanico de líneas de investigación, desde los sistemas multiagente, la visualización de la información o la minería de datos hasta la lógica, el reconocimiento de patrones o las redes neuronales. Todos los trabajos han sido supervisados por investigadores de reconocido prestigio pertenecientes a la Universidad de Salamanca, proporcionando el marco idóneo para sentar las bases de una futura tesis doctoral. Entre los principales objetivos del congreso se encuentran: ofrecer a los estudiantes un marco donde exponer sus primeros trabajos de investigación. Proporcionar a los participantes un foro donde discutir ideas y encontrar nuevas sugerencias de compañeros, investigadores y otros asistentes a la reunión. Permitir a cada estudiante una realimentación de los participantes sobre su trabajo y una orientación sobre las futuras direcciones de investigación. Contribuir al desarrollo del espíritu de colaboración en la investigación

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio